The UN's International Organization for Migration said foreign domestic staff were increasingly being abandoned by the Lebanese families to face heightened danger in the conflict.
The IOM raised the plight of Lebanon's 170,000 migrant workers, many of whom are women from countries such as Ethiopia, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Bangladesh and the Philippines.
"We are receiving increasing reports of migrant domestic workers being abandoned by their Lebanese employers, either left on the streets or in their homes as their employers flee," said Mathieu Luciano, the IOM's head of office in Lebanon.
"They face very limited shelter options," he told a press briefing in Geneva, via video from Beirut, adding that on Thursday he visited a shelter in the capital housing 64 Sudanese families "who have nowhere else to go".
He said the IOM was receiving increasing requests from migrants seeking help to go home. Many countries have also sought the agency's help to evacuate citizens.
However, "this would require significant funding -- which we currently do not have," he added.
Nearly a year after Hamas attacked Israel on October 7, Israel announced it was shifting its focus to securing its northern border with Lebanon.
Israel's attacks on Hezbollah strongholds in Lebanon have killed more than 1,000 people since September 23, according to the Lebanese health ministry, while hundreds of thousands have fled their homes in a country already mired in economic crisis.
The situation for Lebanon's migrant workers is precarious, as their legal status is often tied to their employer under the "kafala" sponsorship system governing foreign labour.
Rights groups say the system allows for abuses including the withholding of wages and the confiscation of official documents -- which provide workers their only lifeline out of the country.
"We've seen in the south that the employers would leave but then would either leave the domestic workers on the streets, wouldn't relocate with them -- or actually even worse, lock the domestic worker in, to make sure that the house is kept while they are seeking safety somewhere else," he said.
Luciano said those left on the street would struggle to relocate or get to safety, while many cannot speak Arabic.
"Many are undocumented, They don't have papers. As a result they are pretty reluctant to seek humanitarian assistance because they fear they will be arrested and may be deported," he said.
Luciano noted there were "huge issues around mental health" among migrant domestic staff working in Lebanon.
'We don't want to die here': Sierra Leone migrants trapped in Lebanon
Freetown (AFP) Oct 4, 2024 - When an Israeli air strike killed her employer and destroyed nearly everything she owned in southern Lebanon, it also crushed Fatima Samuella Tholley's hopes of returning home to Sierra Leone to escape the spiralling violence.
With a change of clothes stuffed into a plastic bag, the 27-year-old housekeeper told AFP that she and her cousin made their way to the capital Beirut in an ambulance.
Bewildered and terrified, the pair were thrust into the chaos of the bombarded city -- unfamiliar to them apart from the airport where they had arrived months before.
"We don't know today if we will live or not, only God knows," Fatima told AFP via video call, breaking down in tears.
"I have nothing... no passport, no documents," she said.
The cousins have spent days sheltering in the cramped storage room of an empty apartment, which they said was offered to them by a man they had met on their journey.
With no access to TV news and unable to communicate in French or Arabic, they could only watch from their window as the city was pounded by strikes.
The spike in violence in Lebanon since mid-September has killed more than 1,000 people and forced hundreds of thousands more to flee their homes, as Israel bombards Hezbollah strongholds around the country.
The situation for the country's migrant workers is particularly precarious, as their legal status is often tied to their employer under the "kafala" sponsorship system governing foreign labour.
Rights groups say the system allows for numerous abuses including the withholding of wages and the confiscation of official documents -- which provide workers their only lifeline out of the country.
"When we came here, our madams received our passports, they seized everything until we finished our contract" said 29-year-old Mariatu Musa Tholley, who also works as a housekeeper.
"Now [the bombing] burned everything, even our madams... only we survived".
- 'They left me' -
Sierra Leone is working to establish how many of its citizens are currently in Lebanon, with the aim of providing emergency travel certificates to those without passports, Kai S. Brima from the foreign affairs ministry told AFP.
The poor west African country has a significant Lebanese community dating back over a century, which is heavily involved in business and trade.
Scores of migrants travel to Lebanon every year, with the aim of paying remittances to support families back home.
"We don't know anything, any information", Mariatu said.
"[Our neighbours] don't open the door for us because they know we are black", she wept.
"We don't want to die here".
Fatima and Mariatu said they had each earned $150 per month, working from 6:00 am until midnight seven days a week.
They said they were rarely allowed out of the house.
AFP contacted four other Sierra Leonean domestic workers by phone, all of whom recounted similar situations of helplessness in Beirut.
Patricia Antwin, 27, came to Lebanon as a housekeeper to support her family in December 2021.
She said she fled her first employer after suffering sexual harassment, leaving her passport behind.
When an airstrike hit the home of her second employer in a southern village, Patricia was left stranded.
"The people I work for, they left me, they left me and went away," she told AFP.
Patricia said a passing driver saw her crying in the street and offered to take her to Beirut.
Like Fatima and Mariatu, she has no money or formal documentation.
"I only came with two clothes in my plastic bag", she said.
- Sleeping on the streets -
Patricia initially slept on the floor of a friend's apartment, but moved to Beirut's waterfront after strikes in the area intensified.
She later found shelter at a Christian school in Jounieh, some 20 kilometres (12 miles) north of the capital.
"We are seeing people moving from one place to another", she said.
"I don't want to lose my life here," she added, explaining she had a child back in Sierra Leone.
Housekeeper Kadij Koroma said she had been sleeping on the streets for almost a week after fleeing to Beirut when she was separated from her employer.
"We don't have a place to sleep, we don't have food, we don't have water," she said, adding that she relied on passers by to provide bread or small change for sustenance.
Kadij said she wasn't sure if her employer was still alive, or if her friends who had also travelled from Sierra Leone to work in Lebanon had survived the bombardment.
"You don't know where to go," she said, "everywhere you go, bomb, everywhere you go, bomb".
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