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In southern Madagascar, voters struggle for food before ballot
By Philippe ALFROY
Amboasary, Madagascar (AFP) Dec 18, 2018

Madagascar, a huge island with extreme poverty and natural beauty
Antananarivo (AFP) Dec 19, 2018 - The Indian Ocean island of Madagascar is the leading global producer of vanilla and blessed with bountiful biodiversity, yet it remains one of the poorest countries in the world.

Here is some background as the country heads to the polls Wednesday in the second round of its presidential elections:

- Fourth largest island -

Stretching across 587,000 square kilometres (nearly 227,000 square miles), Madagascar is the world's fourth largest island, bigger than Spain or Thailand in size.

The country lies just over 400 kilometres (250 miles) off the southeastern coast of Africa and is home to a population of nearly 25 million people (2016, World Bank), including 18 ethnic groups.

Madagascar is frequently exposed to extreme weather events, such as tropical storms, flooding and drought. One of the most powerful cyclones in recent years, Enawo, claimed nearly 80 lives in March 2017.

While it is renowned for its luscious biodiversity, some of this is under threat including critically-endangered lemurs, its rare and ruby-coloured rosewood trees, and several tortoise and turtle species.

Wildlife smuggling and trafficking of its abundant natural wealth remains a national concern.

- Political divisions -

The former French colony, which gained independence in 1960, has been mired in political division and upheaval for decades.

A disputed 2001 presidential election led to clashes that ended with Marc Ravalomanana, the mayor of the capital, taking power.

The outgoing leader was Didier Ratsiraka, a one-time Marxist who had ruled since 1975 and went into exile.

Ravalomanana was toppled in 2009 by another Antananarivo mayor, Andry Rajoelina, in an army-backed coup.

But Rajoelina was barred from contesting 2013's elections over his links to the country's troubled past, as were Ravalomanana's wife and Ratsiraka.

Protests erupted again in April 2018 over claims that laws due to be enacted ahead of the presidential vote would see certain candidates barred.

After weeks of unrest and calls for him to quit, President Hery Rajaonarimampianina was forced to replace his government with a "consensus" administration in June 2018, which has organised Wednesday's polls.

- Vanilla, sapphires, malnutrition -

Heavily reliant on international aid, Madagascar has registered annual growth of more than four percent since 2016, the World Bank says.

But most people have not benefited from the improved economic situation, with 76 percent living in extreme poverty.

The country supplies about 80 percent of global vanilla bean stocks and is also one of the world's leading producers of sapphires.

Its agriculture sector, the main source of income for most people, is vulnerable to its regular natural disasters. Rice production fell by about 20 percent from 2016 which led to significant price hikes, according to the World Bank.

Madagascar has the sixth highest rate of malnutrition in the world, with nearly half of all children under the age of five suffering from chronic malnutrition according to the UN children's fund, UNICEF.

It is among the nations with the highest levels of child illiteracy.

Only about 13 percent of the population has access to electricity.

One after another, the mothers sat their babies in the shade, on a mat placed on the dusty ground. This morning at least, their children will have enough to eat.

In the village of Ifotaka, at the southern tip of Madagascar, the noise and excitement of the country's election campaign seems far away as locals confront more pressing needs in a daily struggle for food.

For Pastrolina Vatofara, aid agency food distribution is a matter of survival.

"I earn a little money by harvesting sisal trees (to make rope) but that's not enough to feed my three little ones," said the 28-year-old mother. "With the drought, they would not survive without help... The government has forgotten us."

But even on an empty stomach, Vatofara will vote Wednesday for the second round of the presidential election.

"I hope the next president will help us a little more," she said.

For several seasons now, the entire southern part of Madagascar has been caught up in a drought that has made water increasingly scarce, wrecking even efforts to grow rice -- the staple food.

"Today, 1.2 million people are food insecure," said Maman Bashir Yacouba, head of the World Food Programme (WFP) in Madagascar.

"In most of these areas, the whole economy is based on agriculture and livestock, and it has been at least four years now that there has not been good rainfall -- the situation has become worrying".

Children are the worst hit, with almost half of those under five chronically malnourished. In areas affected by drought, up to 12 percent suffer from severe malnutrition.

- Desperate shortages -

In the Amboasary region, the WFP, UNICEF and other action groups are trying to distribute rations and dietary supplements to protect the youngest children for as long as possible.

But the task is enormous and their resources are inadequate.

WFP has said it had to drastically reduce its current project due to a $50 million shortfall in its budget.

"Madagascar is a country forgotten by international aid," said one humanitarian worker who declined to be named.

"Every year, we only react to the emergency crisis. We know that we could tackle the problem by improving water supplies, but it is much too expensive".

So the population is forced to rely on occasional help, when it arrives, and on whatever else they can find.

"Because of the lack of rain, we do not always eat," said Maherimana, a 67-year-old elder from Ifotaka.

"Some days, I have to settle for a little cassava (root vegetable), that's all.

WFP local coordinator Mamy Razafindrakoto said the region faced a grim time until at least the next harvest in April.

"Here people work, they are not lazy, they make progress when they have some water -- the problem is that there is none," he said.

"They drink the water from the same puddles as the cattle, they wash there. The lack of hygiene causes a lot of damage."

- An absent government -

And as if natural calamities were not enough, the south suffers a glaring absence of infrastructure.

Hospitals lack staff, equipment, medicine and reliable electricity, while roads are often impassable.

"I have trouble seeing any presence of the state here," said Fatou Sall, local coordinator of Action Against Hunger.

"Just having good roads would be a huge change. When you cannot move, you wait and pray, that's all that is left to do."

His colleague Annick Rakotoanosy, a Madagascan, holds out some hope for the second-round election, which pitches two former presidents -- Marc Ravalomanana and Andry Rajoelina -- against each other in a personality-driven race for power.

"What could change things is a political will to help the south," she said.

"We know that the government cannot stop the drought, but drilling or water supply works, that it could. If there is a will, then we can move forward."

Of the 36 candidates in the first round, only two, Rajoelina and outgoing president Hery Rajaonarimampianina, made brief appearances in the region.

Rajoelina, who won most of the local vote last month, returned briefly to pose with his helicopter last week to vow that he would not forget his supporters.

Ravalomanana has also pledged to "help poor farmers".

Despite everything, Joseph Rafaralahy, the 77-year-old head of Ifotaka village, does not want to despair over politics.

"We need help with water, for example using motor pumps," he said. "But I cannot pay and the state has not done it yet. Maybe the next president, who knows?"


Related Links
Africa News - Resources, Health, Food


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An Ethiopian court has jailed 66 soldiers over a rare protest in the capital in October demanding better pay, state media reported Saturday. The Ethiopia Broadcasting Corporation (EBC) reported that the soldiers would be jailed from five to 14 years each. In October, hundreds of elite soldiers staged a protest in Addis Ababa over "inadequate" salary and benefits, briefly blocking a road around the national palace and marching on Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed's office. Mobile and WiFi internet co ... read more

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