The nine died in an as-yet unclaimed attack in the centre of the country on Sunday.
"An enquiry was opened as soon as we knew an attack had taken place," said Manasse Wankian, prosecutor at Bambari, the main town in Ouaka prefecture, close to where the attack happened.
Chinese President Xi Jinping earlier Monday called on Bangui to "severely punish" the killers.
Xi "has given important instructions, demanding an all-out effort to treat the wounded, handle the aftermath in a timely manner, severely punish perpetrators in accordance with the law, and ensure the safety of Chinese citizens", a foreign ministry spokesperson said in Beijing.
Two people were seriously wounded, China added.
The CAR, one of the world's poorest countries, has been in the throes of civil conflict since 2013.
Militias hold sway over large tracts of the country, and often clash over access to minerals and other resources.
Bambari's deputy prefect, Saturnin Nicaise Ngrepande, told AFP that government forces "and Russians have been here since yesterday... they have gone off to hunt for the rebels, whose identity has yet to be confirmed."
"It could be members of the Union for Peace in Central Africa" (UPC), he said, referring to a major rebel group.
"But it could be hard to know whether it's a (UPC) group that's attached to the Coalition of Patriots for Change" (CPC), he said.
The CPC is an alliance of rebel groups created in December 2020 to overthrow President Faustin Archange Touadera.
Prime Minister Felix Moloua on Sunday accused the CPC of the attack, but offered no evidence.
In a statement, the CPC denied any involvement in what it described as a "despicable and barbaric" act.
It accused Russia's Wagner mercenary group of being behind the deed, also without providing evidence.
Russian paramilitaries deployed to the CAR in 2018. Their numbers increased in 2020 to fend off an assault on the capital by the CPC.
The nine had been employed at Gold Coast Group gold mine 25 kilometres (15 miles) from Bambari.
The victims' bodies were transferred to a hospital in the capital Bangui, where Chinese ambassador Li Qinfeng and CAR Foreign Minister Sylvie Baipo Temon attended, an AFP journalist said.
Nine Chinese nationals killed in Central African Republic
Bambari, Central African Republic (AFP) March 20, 2023 -
Nine Chinese mine workers were killed in an attack in the Central African Republic, sparking a rare call on Monday from China's President Xi Jinping for the perpetrators to be "severely" punished.
The attack by "armed men" happened at about 5:00 am near Bambari, said the central town's mayor Abel Matchipata.
Matchipata told AFP that "nine bodies and two wounded" had been counted, adding that the victims were Chinese workers at a site run by the Gold Coast Group, 25 kilometres (15 miles) from his town.
China's foreign ministry confirmed the toll, and Xi called on authorities in the Central African Republic to "severely punish" those behind the killings.
The president had ordered "an all-out effort to treat the wounded, handle the aftermath in a timely manner, severely punish perpetrators in accordance with the law, and ensure the safety of Chinese citizens", an unnamed China foreign ministry spokesperson said in a statement.
Local authorities did not release further details of the attack, nor was there any claim of responsibility.
The victims' bodies were transferred to a hospital in the capital Bangui, where Chinese ambassador Li Qinfeng and CAR Foreign Minister Sylvie Baipo Temon attended, an AFP journalist said.
Civil conflict has hit the Central African Republic, one of the world's poorest countries, since 2013, when Muslim-dominated armed groups ousted president Francois Bozize.
In a statement on Sunday, the Coalition of Patriots for Change (CPC), an alliance of rebel groups created in December 2020 to overthrow President Faustin Archange Touadera, denied any involvement in the attack.
The group denounced the "despicable and barbaric" act, accusing the Russian Wagner mercenary group of being behind the killings.
In 2020, President Touadera called on Moscow to come to the aid of his debilitated army, after armed groups took control of two-thirds of the country and began an assault on Bangui.
Hundreds of Russian paramilitaries then joined the few hundred already present since 2018, repelling the rebel offensive and pushing them out of a large part of the territories and cities they controlled.
Wagner is among the most prominent Russian groups present in Africa, as well as playing a large role in other conflicts, such as Moscow's invasion of Ukraine.
Xi is visiting Russia this week as Beijing seeks to claim a peacemaking role in that conflict, though Western countries have said Beijing may provide arms to Moscow.
China and Russia are bolstering their presence in Africa to tap its rich natural resources, analysts say, despite grave warnings from UN agencies that the world's poorest countries face accumulating crippling debts.
"One out of every three major infrastructure projects in Africa is built by Chinese state-owned enterprises, and one out of every five is financed by a Chinese policy bank," Paul Nantulya of the Africa Center for Strategic Studies, an academic institution within the US Department of Defense, told AFP.
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